Although the concept of gender equality existed in the Philippines during the pre-Hispanic era this changed when the Spaniards came and patterned the image of the Filipina to a meek and submissive individual. Filipina women making cigarsĪlthough Christian values were supposed to be spread through the population, missionaries and priests soon realized that they'd be better off adapting their doctrine as much as possible to the local customs, rather than trying to impose it. Spanish Philippines A Filipino mestiza woman in 1875. Gender was based primarily on occupation, appearance, actions and sexuality. Anatomy was not the only basis for gender. Early historical accounts record the existence of male babaylans who wore female clothes and took the demeanor of a woman. The role of the babaylan was mostly associated to females, but male babaylans also existed. In the absence of a datu, the babaylan could take charge of the whole community. In a barangay, the babaylan worked alongside the datu on important social activities. They were the spiritual leaders of the Filipino communities, tasked with responsibilities pertaining to rituals, agriculture, science, medicine, literature and other forms of knowledge that the community needed. The babaylan, also called katalonan, bayoguin, bayok, agi-ngin, asog, bido and binabae depending on the ethnic group of the region, held important positions in the community. Cross-dressing males sometimes took on the role of the female babaylan. The vital functions of the babaylan were highly recognized and embodied in the traditional role of women in a barangay. The babaylan held positions of authority as religious leaders, community doctors and healers in some pre-colonial Philippine societies. See also: LGBT rights in the Philippines § Pre-colonial period Tuanbaloka is woman from Basilan who ascended to power and become the Queen consort of Jolo known for her bravery as she and her husband held of the invaders with 4,000 warriors.She is also notably a Buddhist ruler of the kingdom, which encompassed land along the banks of the Pasig River in Metro Manila. The eldest daughter of Rajah Gambang and co-regent with her husband, Rajah Lontok, she is considered one of the most powerful rulers in the kingdom's history. 1515) is the only recorded Dayang or queen regnant of the pre-Hispanic Philippine kingdoms of Tondo and Namayan. Empress Sasaban (c.1300s) in oral tradition recounted by Nick Joaquin and Leonardo Vivencio, a "lady of Namayan" who went to the Madjapahit court to marry Emperor Soledan, eventually giving birth to Balagtas, who then returned to Namayan/Pasig in 1300.637 CE) is The legendary queen of South Cotabato known for her sense of justice and respect for the law. Ibn Battuta sailed for 17 days to reach China from the land of Tawalisi. A historical reference to Urduja can be found in the travel account of Ibn Battuta (1304 – possibly 1368 or 1377 AD), a Muslim traveler from Morocco. The name Urduja appears to be Sanskrit in origin, and a variation of the name "Udaya", meaning "arise" or "rising sun", or the name "Urja", meaning "breath". Hara Udaya or Queen Urduja is a legendary warrior princess who is recognized as a heroine in Pangasinan.She was married to Senapati Jayadewa who was the Rajah of Tondo as a bargain to clear the debt of 1 kati and 8 suwarnas of her parents Namwaran and Dayang Angkatan. In the precolonial era of the Philippines there are numerous women are entitled as a Hara and Dayang, the female presence in the Noble caste are prominent in the kinship system in the Philippine societies, here are the examples of notable Queens in the Philippine history: Mestiza Filipina women in Maria Clara gown, 1899. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, Filipino women could also achieve status as medicine women or high-priestesses and astrologers. They could also become village chiefs in the absence of a male heir. They were entitled to property, engage in a trade and could exercise their right to divorce her husband. This bilateral kinship system accorded Philippine women enormous power within a clan. Some pre-colonial social structures of the Philippines gave equal importance to maternal and paternal lineage. Main article: List of Pre-colonial Filipino consorts A cagayan woman.
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